Academic Pressure Creates Stress On The Mind And Body

School, homework, extracurricular activities, studying, sleep, then repeat. There is always that pressure of being a â€Å"well-rounded† student. A well-rounded student needs to be involved in athletics or an after school sport, commit to other activities like clubs or community service, and maintain an excellent GPA while still having time for a social life. Academic pressure creates stress on the mind and body, especially for high school students pursuing college. Many kids in school are being taught that there is success and there is failure with close to nothing in between. Straight A’s and no C’s or anything below that is what an average kid trying to get into a college hope for. Students in Advanced placement classes , or Academic Pressure classes if you prefer, aim for a GPA higher than a 4.0 meaning they put more stress on themselves. Last year as a sophomore I found myself always taking medication to get rid of headaches and migraines provoked by stress. I was in two AP classes, a grade higher math class than normal, participating in cheer for my high school, taking seven hours of dance throughout the week after school, and volunteering at my church every other weekend for food drives. In between all of that I had homework and studying to tend to. I did not end up with a 4.0 because balancing all that caused me to struggle. Now as a junior I decided one AP class was enough and I cut back on dance quite a bit. I feel pressure lifted off my shoulder although now there isShow MoreRelatedDecreasing Academic Stress in Schools1080 Words   |  5 Pagesand more make up the pressure cooker that is modern day high school. Stress places mental and physical strain on the body and can potentially harm health. Stress is the feeling created by the body when it reacts to certain events that put tension or strain upon one’s physical, mental, or emotional state. Acute stress is short term stress that can last anywhere from three days to f our weeks. On the other hand, chronic stress is a more serious problem because it is long term stress and can impact healthRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography on Stress1762 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinitions of stress and how to cope with it, known as stress management. Stress affects health in a number of ways. It is defined by James (2011) as pressure or tension that comes in many shapes and forms and furthermore the body and mind in particular reacts psychologically and even emotionally. How Stress Affects Health This can affect how an individual feels, think and behave. Signs and symptoms can include sleeping problems, loss of appetite and difficulty concentrating. Stress can usually causeRead MoreHow Stress Affects Our Academic Performance Essay1511 Words   |  7 PagesStress is one of the most common problems that we all have to go through at some point of our lives. People experience stress in different places such as home, work, and school. 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These changes allow your reaction time to increase, which could mean the difference betweenRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Physical Health1655 Words   |  7 PagesStress is an ongoing dilemma that is prevalent in everyone’s life. Stress is a factor that is undoubtedly a part of dealing with an expeditious and busy lifestyle, which occurs when confronted with everyday trivial problems. Each individual copes and distinguishes with stress in a variety of different ways. Correspondingly, there are several causes and effects of stress that affects an individual’s physical a nd emotional wellbeing. Thus, it is imperative to acknowledge and manage these stressorsRead MoreIntroduction of Stress1741 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Introduction We generally use the word stress when we feel that everything seems to have become too much, we are overloaded and wonder whether we really can cope with the pressures placed upon us. Anything that poses a challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress. Some stresses get you going and they are good for you, without any stress at all many say our lives would be boring and would probably feel pointless. However, when the stresses undermine both our mental and physicalRead MoreEffects Of Stress On Young Adults1667 Words   |  7 Pagescould be described as the most interesting and intense period in a persons life. (To be continued) Although there are some benefits to positive stress, stress in young adults has become an overwhelming obstacle in the way many of them function; managing, utilizing, and overcoming stress will help them become more successful in life. Stress is the body s normal emotional and physical response to different stimuli and different situations that it may encounter. Any situation, either positiveRead MoreHuman Factors Of Aviation Safety : Cognitive Science1345 Words   |  6 Pages Human Factors in Aviation Safety: Cognitive Science Karreem L. Lisbon Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University May 2017 Abstract Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary scientific study of minds as information processors. It includes research on how information is processed, represented, and transformed in a nervous system or machine. Human factors directly cause or contribute to many aviation incidents that develop into accidents. In this paper, I will discuss how learning, knowledge, languageRead More College Students and Stress Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesCollege Students and Stress      Ã‚   Today a college education can overload students with too many stressful situations. Not only does Stress overload todays college students, but it is also the leading cause of personality disorders. In her essay, Cathy Bell explains that major depressive disorder strikes 5-12% of men and 10-20% of women; half of these people will have more than one occurrence and 15% of them will commit suicide (Depression for the young). For instance, many depressives areRead MoreStress And Its Effects On Health1442 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Stress is one of the most common and well-known risk factors trivializing one’s health. Given how fast paced modern life is, this makes stress unavoidable. Stress is a negative emotional response, which is accompanied by biological, physiological, psychological, and emotional changes in the body. Stress causes sympathetic activation of the hypothalamus which then acts on the adrenal cortex and releases the hormones cortisol and adrenaline. These two hormones create what is known as

Hotel Industry Free Essays

Introduction In the Introduction I have researched a given division of the Hotel area In Kolkata i. e. extravagance storing up of Hotels. We will write a custom essay sample on Hotel Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The paper settled on the present Macro Business in India and its connection to the friendliness business. The focuses are as runs with:- Macro Environment may be depicted as the major outside and uncontrollable segments that impacts a conglomeration’s choice settling on and effects its choice making and approach. PESTEL) Political, Social, Economical, Technological, Environmental, Legal investigation of Luxury Collection of Hotels. Evaluation of PESTEL examination Negative and Positive Aspects. Main Body †¢Political issues that happen for the abundance lodgings are the strikes that happen consistently. The clients are hesitant to visit and thusly drop reservations and lodgings run on occurrences. The foundations of certain structures are also an issue on the grounds that the promoters does not contemplate further frameworks as bids hail from top power. Thusly structures are not made and the zone moves to working in the direction of inching toward getting pummeled decimating occupations of different individuals. †¢The Economical issues may be the sponsorship imperfections made watching the reach now clients starting from outside in particular complete visitors they need to stay in a wealth lodge that is composed close-by shade and in a spot where the street unite with the generally speaking city. For instance let’s take a river side hotel which is situated in Kolkata as an example, the separation is essentially far at a partition from the runway or to the suburbs to the city so standard if the visitor has a get-as one kept inside the city he should leave early by a hour or two to finish the specific terminus on time which winds up being essentially a nervousness. Yet for a uxury hotel, it is essentially coordinated amidst the shed and the city so its much supportive for the visitor to stay in an important indulgence keeping up which at the same focus is moreover segregated at a partitioning from every spot of the confusion which about bargains to manage generous situations. †¢The Social issues may be impeccable for an occasion completion of the line for the most part social occasions as it moreover incorporates I. T. arts and where there is a touch of progress individuals can furthermore encounter the certain underpinnings as the city Kolkata incorporates academic castles case in point British space offices and Queen Elizabeth’s Victoria Memorial. So clients can encounter both forward and bona fide being. As the city is not rural based hence it has appositive impact. Here the customers can like both expert and private necessities. Summation:- The report thoroughly recognizes the PESTEL examination and its unavoidable finishes influence on the client cooperation. What are the various meanders being undertaken and what are the notable things and its suspected organize beginning from the foundation till the prodding position. How the whole cordiality business influences the business redesign as an entire degree that Macro Environment determining the budgetary and the political issues as the central issue. At whatever time its all stated and done the examination insists if the steps taken are gainful or setback acknowledged. How to cite Hotel Industry, Essay examples

Hotel Industry Free Essays

Introduction In the Introduction I have researched a given division of the Hotel area In Kolkata i. e. extravagance storing up of Hotels. We will write a custom essay sample on Hotel Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The paper settled on the present Macro Business in India and its connection to the friendliness business. The focuses are as runs with:- Macro Environment may be depicted as the major outside and uncontrollable segments that impacts a conglomeration’s choice settling on and effects its choice making and approach. PESTEL) Political, Social, Economical, Technological, Environmental, Legal investigation of Luxury Collection of Hotels. Evaluation of PESTEL examination Negative and Positive Aspects. Main Body †¢Political issues that happen for the abundance lodgings are the strikes that happen consistently. The clients are hesitant to visit and thusly drop reservations and lodgings run on occurrences. The foundations of certain structures are also an issue on the grounds that the promoters does not contemplate further frameworks as bids hail from top power. Thusly structures are not made and the zone moves to working in the direction of inching toward getting pummeled decimating occupations of different individuals. †¢The Economical issues may be the sponsorship imperfections made watching the reach now clients starting from outside in particular complete visitors they need to stay in a wealth lodge that is composed close-by shade and in a spot where the street unite with the generally speaking city. For instance let’s take a river side hotel which is situated in Kolkata as an example, the separation is essentially far at a partition from the runway or to the suburbs to the city so standard if the visitor has a get-as one kept inside the city he should leave early by a hour or two to finish the specific terminus on time which winds up being essentially a nervousness. Yet for a uxury hotel, it is essentially coordinated amidst the shed and the city so its much supportive for the visitor to stay in an important indulgence keeping up which at the same focus is moreover segregated at a partitioning from every spot of the confusion which about bargains to manage generous situations. †¢The Social issues may be impeccable for an occasion completion of the line for the most part social occasions as it moreover incorporates I. T. arts and where there is a touch of progress individuals can furthermore encounter the certain underpinnings as the city Kolkata incorporates academic castles case in point British space offices and Queen Elizabeth’s Victoria Memorial. So clients can encounter both forward and bona fide being. As the city is not rural based hence it has appositive impact. Here the customers can like both expert and private necessities. Summation:- The report thoroughly recognizes the PESTEL examination and its unavoidable finishes influence on the client cooperation. What are the various meanders being undertaken and what are the notable things and its suspected organize beginning from the foundation till the prodding position. How the whole cordiality business influences the business redesign as an entire degree that Macro Environment determining the budgetary and the political issues as the central issue. At whatever time its all stated and done the examination insists if the steps taken are gainful or setback acknowledged. How to cite Hotel Industry, Essay examples

Deutsche Bank AG Essay Example For Students

Deutsche Bank AG Essay Walker, M. (October 23, 2000). Deutsche Bank Plans to Make Its Retail Unit A Stock Outlet. The Wall Street Journal (pg A29-30)This article is about Deutsche Bank AG tried to sell its retail business in order to concentrate on corporate and investment banking six month ago and it is now working on a plan to change its retail unit into a pan-European outlet for stocks, mutual funds and other investment products. Today, top executives of the worlds largest bank by assets, Deutsche Bank, are going to present their new ideas to their supervisory board. The board planned to consider the management proposals earlier this year before big steps were taken. The banks powerful investment-banking division Global Corporates Institutions encourages the new idea. GCI oversees the retail network as a distribution channel to the growing class of wealthy Europeans who are changing their savings into stocks and investment funds. Mr. Breuer had been told to rethink his previous plan to sell a majority stake in Deutsche Bank 24 by the supervisory board. The banks top investment bankers believe that retaining the retail business and focusing its efforts on selling investment products is profitable than traditional banking services. In addition, Michael Philipp, the manager of the Deutsche Banks asset-management division, is also pushing the retail restoring to increase the sales of fund-management unit DWS, Europes biggest mutual-fund company. These plans arent limited with only Deutsche Bank 24, it is also for the groups private-banking unit, serving high net-worth clients because of its aggressive expansion as a European sales channel for the GCI and asset-management units. Deutsche Bank also plans to win retail customers in the United States. It was that was followed a bid for National Discount Brokers Group Inc. earlier this month. It is up to the supervisory boards decision to accept the plan in order to keep the retail bank. On the other hand, they can oppose a strong shift away from basic retail banking. In todays meeting, there may be an understanding that leaves Deutsche Bank still well established in traditional domestic retail banking, as well as the retail investment services that stimulate its GCI bankers. Deutsche Bank had budgeted $109.3 million to build up Deutsche Bank 24 in Europe in August that includes redesigning branches abroad, merging information technology and marketing the new business. Management consultants have expected that it would cost about 300 million euros to achieve credit across Europe in marketing. Deutsche Bank has 1.2 million retail customers in Italy and 600,000 in Spain outside Germany, but there is a small retail attendance in France and there is none in the United Kingdom. In my opinion, Deutsche Bank hasnt created a plan to achieve its aim to lead retail network in Europe. Potential partners and achievements remain unidentified, while the supervisory board didnt learn how much the expansion strategy would cost. Deutsche Bank hopes to attract wealthy middle-class customers in Western Europe who will be interested in buying into its investment-banking division, called Global Corporate and Institutions. To sum up, Deutsche Bank already has traditional retail branches in six countries outside Germany such as Italy, Spain, Belgium, Portugal, Poland and France and plans to use these as a base for expansion by organic growth, partnerships and possible acquisitions. The U.K. is another market where Deutsche Bank is also evaluating its best options for gaining retail distribution.

The Amoral Prince free essay sample

Machiavelli presents his stance on morality first through his rejection of morality as a viable framework, and second through his promotion of virtu, glory, and reputation, which brings considerations outside of the amoral nature of the search for power. It is clear that Machiavelli has higher priorities than the moral actions of the prince. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amoral Prince or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He regularly rejects morality as a necessity, opting instead generally for that which creates stability. â€Å"This leads us to a question that is in dispute: Is it better to be loved than feared, or vice versa? My reply is one ought to be both loved and feared; but, since it is difficult to accomplish both at the same time, I maintain it is much safer to be feared than loved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (51) Here he spurns the idea that love, a generally accepted goal of those seeking the moral high ground, is relevant to the higher goal of the safety of the prince. Some would contend that Machiavelli is promoting evil by promoting fear over love, but he doesn’t ever promote evil when it is not called for, only when it is most efficacious. In this instance he simply felt being feared was the safer alternative. Evil for the sake of itself is actively discouraged. â€Å"[the prince] should do what is right if he can; but he must be prepared to do wrong if necessary†(55) Here what is necessary is what maintains power, but with that necessity absent, honorable actions are preferable. Machiavelli does obviously have some moral compass, as he feels that good actions do have a value over evil actions when power is not a consideration. For the leader though, power is always a consideration, and subsequently morals are never the most pressing goal. Instead of worrying about his own morals, the leader needs to instead worry about their absence in others: Anyone who wants to act the part of a good man in all circumstances will bring about his own ruin, for those he has to deal with will not all be good. So it is necessary for a ruler, if he wants to hold on to power, to learn how not to be good, and to know when it is and when it is not necessary to use this knowledge. (48) The implication here is that in a world with all good men, a leader would be able to lead through only good actions. As this is not the case, leaders are forced to beat evil doers at their own game when necessary. In addition to trying to outsmart those who would do evil against the prince, the prince should also make efforts to discourage future acts of evil by others, and subsequently prevent future necessitation of his own harsh acts: Well used cruelty(if one can speak well of evil) one may call those atrocities that are commited at a stroke, in order to secure one’s power, and are then not repeated, rather every effort is made to ensure one’s subjects benefit in the long run. 30) From this it is evident that cruelty should never be a goal in itself, as it alienates ones subjects, which has its own harms. Machiavelli gives us Maximinus as an example: [he] had acquired a reputation for terrible cruelty†¦ So everybody was†¦ agitated with hatred arising from their fear of his ferocity. First Africa rebelled, and then the senate and the whole population of Rome; soon all Ital y was conspiring against him. His own army turned against him†¦ Seing so many united against him, they lost their fear of him and killed him. 62) So it is clear that Machiavelli is not in favor of evil; it causes a populace to turn against its leader. If the populace’s fear of punishments and interventions by the prince rivals their fear of having an unstable state, they will have no reason to further support the prince. Machiavelli’s prince should be viewed as generally moral, even if occasionally he is not, in order to promote stability and respect towards himself. Again, this is not for the sake of morals, but for the sake of the kingdom’s maintenance. As a general rule, Machiavelli does not respect morals as an important part of being a leader, though he doesn’t actively disdain them. The appearance of morals has its own important ends, of causing the populace to respect their ruler, but this is not the same as being an actually moral person. From this one would conclude that Machiavelli is a promoter of amoralism, but as we will see he does have respect for some goals beyond only power and stability. In many ways glory is the means to causing respect, and resultantly stability, â€Å"[Ferdinand of Aragon’s] deeds have followed one another so closely that he has never left space between one and the next for people to plot uninterruptedly against him†(68) In this instance by constantly maintaining an honorable reputation, Ferdinand was able to avoid any maintained criticisms of himself, which compounded could have lead to unrest. Prior examples have shown glory, virtu and reputation is merely another means to an end, not an end in itself, but there are quite a few hints that glory is something to be sought for its own sake: Men are much more impressed by what goes on in the present than by what happened in the past†¦ So they will spring to a new ruler’s defense, provided he plays his part properly. Thus, he will be doubly glorious†¦ just as he is doubly shamed who, being born a ruler, has lost power through lack of skill in ruling (73) Here it is notable that glory(and its inverse, shame) are quantified. Were these simply means to state stability, it is expected that a ruler should achieve exactly as much as is necessary. Instead, glory is something that should be sought, and shame avoided, in quantity. It seems more notable that one can be ‘doubly shamed’. For consistency with the premise that maintenance of power is the end goal, any loss of it would seem the ultimate shame. In this case it seems more about the spectacularity of the failure, and presumably the endurance of the subsequent shame in public memory. Glory and reputation then seem to be partly a search for a lasting memory of greatness within the public consciousness, not just for the preservation of the state. Glory is not only its own end, but it is one that can only be achieved through moral means, â€Å"One ought not, of course, to call it virtu to massacre one’s fellow citizens, to betray one’s friends, to break one’s word, to be without mercy and without religion. By such means one can acquire power but not glory. (28) This is an interesting contrast with Machiavelli’s many statements to the effect of doing whatever maintains power is best, good or bad. There is still an implication that it is better to have power without glory, than it is to have neither. Still, it is clear that glory is something desirable of itself, and that it cannot be achieved through immoral means. A prince then, once he has attained his power, must have moral considerations at heart. Machiavelli’s prince is by no means an immoral or even amoral actor, though he may occasionally commit immoral acts, in the search for power. Clearly, morals do play into the search for a lasting reputation, which is by Machiavelli’s estimation at least equally, if not more important than power alone, â€Å"Above all a ruler should make every effort to ensure that whatever he does it gains him a reputation as a great man, a person who excels. †(68) This great man cannot become so simply by being an acceptable leader, one who holds power but does not use it towards his reputation. Yes, Machiavelli does teach us that evil acts are occasionally necessary, but purely as a means towards the stable foundation that allows a ruler to lead with success and morality.

Impact of Jim Crow Laws on African Americans Essay Example

Impact of Jim Crow Laws on African Americans Essay Example Impact of Jim Crow Laws on African Americans Essay Impact of Jim Crow Laws on African Americans Essay Introduction Jim Crow Laws were statutes and mandates set up somewhere around 1874 and 1975 to isolate the white and dark races in the American South (Abdul-Jabbar and Obstfeld 44). In principle, it was to make isolated yet equivalent treatment, yet practically speaking Jim Crow Laws sentenced dark residents to second rate treatment and offices. The instruction was isolated as were open offices, for example, lodgings and eateries under Jim Crow Laws. The expression Jim Crow initially alluded to a dark character in an old melody, and was the name of a favorite move in the 1820s. Around 1828, Thomas Daddy Rice built up a routine, in which he blacked his face, wearing old garments, and sang and moved in an impersonation of an ancient and ghastly dark man. Rice distributed the words to the melody, Bounce, Jim Crow, in 1830. Jim Crow Laws has devastating effects on the minority groups in the US, particularly the African Americans since they were not given equal rights and freedoms as the whites. The Effects of the Jim Crow Laws Jim Crow laws in different states required the isolation of races in such regular regions as eateries and theaters. The different yet equivalent standard built up by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) loaned high legal support to isolation. A Montgomery, Alabama law constrained dark inhabitants to dismantle seats from whites on civil transports (Abdul-Jabbar and Obstfeld 49). At the time, the different yet equivalent standard connected, yet the original partition honed by the Montgomery City Lines was not really equivalent. Montgomery transport administrators should isolate their mentors into two segments: whites in advance and blacks toward the rear. As more whites boarded, the white area was accepted to stretch out toward the back. On paper, the transport organizations approach was that the center of the transport turned into the point of confinement if every one of the seats more distant back were involved. By and by, that was not the regular reality. In 1810 the white individuals imagined that dark people were given on this planet something to do (Walker 34). They thought blacks didnt merit any regard. They considered African-Americans as slaves, specialists, and creatures of no substance. The Jim Crow Laws were legitimate and social confinements that isolated dark individuals from white individuals starting in the late 1800s and mid-1900s. Going amid The Jim Crow Era presented African-Americans to both hazard and mortification. Crossing the Mason-Dixon Line or the Ohio River implied entering an alternate world with various laws. The name Jim Crow was incidentally, a white mans impersonation of moving and singing dark stableman. Thus, the white entertainers gave the name to an arrangement of isolation in the South. The Supreme Court led in 1896 in Plessey v. Ferguson that different offices for whites and blacks were sacred. This type of separation took out the increases made by blacks amid this time. Jim Crow Laws influenced both African-Americans and Caucasians (Walker 48). African-Americans were principally affected in obnoxious ways and a couple of Caucasians as well. Most Caucasians were enamored with the way life was under Jim Crow Laws; however, some white individuals thought it was wrong since they felt African-Americans were equivalent to them. African-Americans disliked the lifestyle and needed to get things done to alter it, yet more often than not when they attempted those endured serious results. Indeed, their kin trying to help the African-Americans pick up equity and regard killed even a few Caucasians. Jim Crow Laws fundamentally denied the ideal for blacks and whites to share anything. It created lots of despair for some individuals, and all they needed was to be addressed equivalence as expressed in the Constitution. In the South, Jim Crow Laws were firmly authorized, and the laws made it troublesome for African-Americans to live (Walker 59). African-Americans needed better lives and felt that they ought to go toward the North to get them. African-Americans could be halted whenever and compelled to answer addresses regarding why they were at a particular place at a particular time. There were even certain towns that cautioned African-Americans not to release the sun down on them, fundamentally undermining them that something could transpire after it got dull. Numerous individuals chose to go out on a limb in any case and however, some were harmed and route, various made it to their goal lastly felt safe (Cobbs 43). In her book The New Jim Crow, lawyer and lawful researcher Michelle Alexander discloses that because of the war on medications President Reagan founded in the 1980s, expensive quantities of poor dark guys were captured, imprisoned and indicted as criminals. The outcome was the restorat ion of sorts of separation that had been dispensed with amid the Civil Rights development, when the old Jim Crow laws were rendered inadequate, as per National Public Radio. Some of the notable civil rights movements during this period include the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Jim Crow was a derogatory slang term, referring to the dark men. Jim Crow laws depended on the hypothesis of white excellent quality and acted as a response to Reconstruction. In the melancholy- racked 1890s, bigotry spoke to whites who dreaded losing their business to blacks (Fremon 43). Lawmakers manhandled blacks to win the votes of poor white wafers. Newspapers encouraged the inclination of whites by playing up dark violations. In 1890, notwithstanding its 16 dark individuals, the General Assembly of Louisiana enacted a law to disallow the black men from sharing same public facilities with the whites such as in the railways. One of the cases that can be used to explain this disparity is the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson, in the U.S. Preeminent Court. Maintaining the law, the outcome was the enactment of the policy of;independent yet equivalent. And this resulted to a complete separation in the south. At the lapse of two years, the law courts came up with a policy that concerning the is sue for the black Americans. It ruled that the Mississippi law had a sole mission of deny the blacks from voting. Consequently, the states in the South gave the blacks some restrictions as a portion could be allowed to vote, depending on their economic and educational statuses. These are the only individuals considered to have the right and capacity to participate in elections. As a result, some states such as Louisiana registered a significant number of black voters by 1896. Amid the mid-1950s, a white individual never needed to remain on a Montgomery transport. Whats more, it often happened that blacks boarding the transport were compelled to stay on the back if all seats were taken there, regardless of the possibility that places were accessible in the white area (Fremon 50). Because of the overcome abstinence of a couple of dark people, eminently Rosa Parks, things started to change, and Jim Crow Laws were tested. Jim Crow was the act of victimizing dark individuals, through an arrangement of laws in the Southern states, after they had earned their opportunity from slavery. The term initially alluded to a mysterious character in 1800s minstrel appears in which white entertainers wore blackface and professed to be dark characters. In 1881, Tennessee passed the principal Jim Crow law, which isolated prepare autos. Other Southern states soon took after (Donohue III, and Heckman 34). Despite the fact that bondage had been canceled and the Reconstruction o f the South was well under way, many whites at the time trusted that blacks were second rate and looked to bolster the conviction through religious and logical defenses. The U.S. Preeminent Court was slanted to concur with the white-supremacist judgment and in 1883 started striking down the establishment of the Reconstruction, proclaiming the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unlawful. The Supreme Court judgment in 1896 in Plessy versus Ferguson that different offices for whites and blacks were protected energized the entry of oppressive laws that wiped out the increases made by blacks amid Reconstruction (Hiatt et al. 71). Jim Crow laws isolated railroads and street cars open holding up rooms, eateries, lodgings, theaters, public parks, libraries, and graveyards. Isolated schools, healing facilities, and other government organizations, on the whole, of sub-par quality, were assigned for blacks. The laws, likewise, obliged blacks to utilize isolate telephone corners and bathrooms, and now and again, denied blacks of the privilege to vote. By 1914, each Southern state had passed laws that made two separate social orders, one dark, and one white. By World War I, even places of work were isolated. In Alabama, the Jim Crow laws were particular and included detachment in transports, trains, eateries, pool and pool rooms, male offices and doctors facilities. Transport st ations required separate sitting tight rooms and ticket windows for whites and blacks. Prepare conductors needed to partition various races into different autos on a train set up. In eateries, it was unlawful to have whites and blacks in a similar room, unless they were isolated by a 7 foot or higher divider. One law said that medical caretakers couldnt be compelled to work in wards or rooms in clinics, open or private, where dark men were set. Jim Crow laws touched all aspects of life. In South Carolina, highly contrasting material laborers couldnt work in a similar room, enter through a similar entryway, or look out of the same window (Hillstrom 122). Numerous enterprises would not employ blacks: Many unions passed tenets to limit them. In 1914, some towns in Texas were considered as inhabitable by the blacks due to the issues of segregation.;The African Americans were restricted to move out of their houses beyond 10 p.m. and their areas of residence identified, distinct from those of the whites. Moreover, telephone stalls in Oklahoma were separated based on ones color. The levels of racial segregation were too high in that they could not share public facilities such as hospitals and toilets. For the leaders, it was necessary to distinguish the two contrasting races, the blacks and the whites at all cost. Some areas such as North Carolina segregated the blacks even in the libraries as they could not share books, tables, o r even have an academic conversation. Despite the fact that apparently unbending and finish, Jim Crow laws did not represent the greater part of the separation blacks endured. Unwritten standards banned blacks from white occupations in New York and kept them out of white stores in Los Angeles. Mortification was about the best treatment blacks who broke such principles could seek after. The 30s delivered new Jim Crow laws. By 1944, a Swede going to the South claimed isolation so entire that whites did not see blacks aside from while being served by them. Jim Crow laws touched all aspects of life (Wormser 143). Virginia became the first state to make white origin and dark background kids go to various schools. Later, different states could take after Virginias illustration. In 1877, Ohio became the first to confine interracial marriage. The US Supreme Court toppled Civil Rights Act of 1875 while in 1889 Texas came to be the first to limit coordinated accessible transportation. The Jim Crow, special however equivalent laws, are set up by numerous southern states (Kelley 80). All through the rest of the original portion of the twentieth century, Southern states in state segregation in bathrooms, penitentiaries, survey corners, libraries, transports, sports, healing facilities, and so forth. Jim Crow was a character depicted as a slave by moving and singing played by Thomas Dartmouth Rice in the 1830s and 40s. Thomas was a white man who obscured his face and acted like a jokester only for a groups stimulation. He talked with an overstate d impersonation of an African American vernacular which depicted the ethnicity as diminish and absurd. Be that as it may, soon thereafter, after the Civil War, when Southern states began passing laws denying African American essential human rights, the name Jim Crow struck a chord while making these laws because of the shows prosperity and prominence. In the court case Plessy vs. Ferguson, Homer Plessy was plainly qualified for equivalent assurance by the fourteenth amendment, yet the incomparable court chose that the United States could not put them on a similar plane. Other Jim Crow laws did not particularly say race, but rather were composed and connected in ways that oppressed blacks. Proficiency tests and survey charges directed with casual escape clauses and trap questions, banned about all blacks from voting (Wormser 76). For instance, however, more than 130,000 blacks were enlisted to vote in Louisiana in 1896, just 1,342 were on the turnout in 1904. In 1950, the Supreme Court decided that the University of Texas must concede a dark man to the graduate school because the state did not give a break even with training to him. In 1954, the Supreme Court administered in Brown versus leading body of Education of Topeka, Kansas, that different state funded schools were unlawful. Schools were cracked, unsanitary, and less expensive than the schools that whites were ready to go to. Huge numbers of the instructors instructing at the African American schools were essentially less taught than the educators going to white schools. African American kids did not have any potential socially and financially in light of the fact that they did not get a viable training. Blacks could not leave their homes after 10 p.m. Signs checked Whites just or Hued hung over entryways, ticket windows, and water fountains. Georgia had high contrast parks. Detainment facilities, doctors facilities, and halfway houses were isolated as were schools and universities. Despite the fact that apparently unbending and finish, Jim Crow laws did not represent the greater part of the segregation blacks endured. Unwritten guidelines banished blacks from white occupations in New York. There were several courtroom battles that played an important role in bringing the oppressive laws to an end. The civil rights leaders ensured that there was equality in the society through constitutional changes. The original US Constitution did not expressly protect the minority groups, the African Americans, meaning that it could not be used to abolish slavery and racial discrimination. However, three main amendments were added to the US Constitution, helping to abolish any form of oppression, thus the Jim Crow laws. For instance, the 13th amendment was used to abolish any form of slavery while the 14th amendment gave a chance every American to acquire citizenship so long as he or she met the requirements, irrespective of the origin. Moreover, the amendment banned any form of unnecessary limitation and deprivation of human rights and freedoms, meaning that the due process of the law and equality for all had to be followed. In addition, it allowed for equal protection in anything t hat the populace could be involved in. Another amendment that can be attributed to the ability and recognition of the minority groups and thus the abolition of the Jim Crow laws is the 15th ammendment (Constitutional Rights Foundation). The amenement endend racial discrimination in political governance as the african americans could now be allowed to vote. Therefore, the three amendments gave the african americans a chance to be considered as equal, thus eradicating the oppressive practices of the Jim Crow laws. Conclusion Overall, the Jim Crow laws resulted from the of white dread after Reconstruction, as indicated by Lerone Bennett, the official editorial manager of Ebony and one of Mississippis best dark scholars of the twentieth Century. In as much as Black people were slaves, in so far as they presented no risk to the political and monetary matchless quality of whites, black men were substances to live with on terms of relative closeness. Nevertheless, civil rights movements had the largest influence on ending such oppressive laws, thus liberating the minority groups from more racial prejudice and bringing the element of equality for all. Abdul-Jabbar, Kareem, and Raymond Obstfeld. On the Shoulders of Giants: My Journey Through the Harlem Renaissance. Simon Schuster,2013. Alice Walker. The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality. Vol. 152. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. Cobbs, Price M. My American Life: From Rage to Entitlement: a Memoir. Atria Books,2015. Constitutional Rights Foundation. In the Courts. Constitutional Rights Foundation,2016, www.crf-usa.org/brown-v-board-50th-anniversary/in-the-courts.html. Accessed 5Nov.2016. Donohue III, John J., and James Heckman.Continuous versus episodic change: The impact of civil rights policy on the economic status of blacks. No. w3894. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011. Fremon, David K. The Jim Crow Laws and Racism in United States History.2015. Hiatt, Mary K, et al. People and Politics: An Introduction to American Government.2015. Hillstrom, Laurie C. Plessy V. Ferguson. Omnigraphics, Inc,2013. Kelley, Robin DG. We are not what we seem: Rethinking black working-class opposition in the Jim Crow south.The Journal of American History(2013): 75-112. Wormser, Richard. The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow. St. Martins P,;2013.

Analysis of Barbara Kruger

Analysis of Barbara Kruger For this short essay writing I get an example of single contemporary artist Barbara Kruger. Barbara Kruger is an American conceptual artist. A lot of her effort consists of black and white photographs overlaid with declarative captions-in white-on-red Futura Bold Oblique. The phrases in her works frequently consist of use of pronouns such as â€Å"you†, â€Å"your†, â€Å"I†, â€Å"we†, and â€Å"they†. I begin my essay with the retort how Barbara Kruger be considered illustrative of Baudrillard’s or Barthes’ theories. Postmodernism was born out of a response in opposition to the policy of Modernism. Most particularly, Postmodern artists discarded the Modernist obsession with the aesthetic and began by questioning the recognized qualities tied to this aesthetic. As the Postmodern movement progressed, this critique intensified and moved beyond simply formal concerns; artists also began criticizing many underlying notions of Modernism, together with ideas about creativity and authority. Simultaneously, French philosophers Roland Barthes and Jean Baudrillard introduced theories concerning the rising artistic practices of appropriation and simulation. Barthes, in his elaboration on the theory of appropriation, described principles and practices that a lot of artists were employing in their critiques on Modernism. The work of American artist Barbara Kruger gives the most powerful embodiment of Barthes’ theories of appropriation. Roland Barthes, in his 1967 essay â€Å"The Death of the Author,† stripped mutually authority and authorship from artists and writers, declaring, â€Å"A text is not a line of words releasing a single ‘theological’ meaning (the ‘message’ of the Author-God), but a multi-dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them new, blend and collide.† This theory not only described the postmodern artistic practices of the time, but it undermi ned Modernism’s lofty goals and claims of creating original artwork. According to Barthes, no author or artist creates something new and unique. Instead, every formed thing is a recycled regurgitation of that which preceded it. As Postmodernism continued to develop, many artists not only acknowledged Barthes’s denouncement of originality but also embraced it as a means through which to further critique the works and tenets of Modernism. These artists favored the readymade object as more powerful than the supposedly new crafted objects shaped by Modernist artists. By openly acknowledging the process of appropriation that occurs within the manufacture of all art, these artists leveraged the power of pre-existing imagery and signs to produce â€Å"new† works with multiple layers and multiple meanings. Barbara Kruger began her career as a graphic designer and commercial artist for publications and magazines such as Mademoiselle. Her work as a postmodern artist began to garner attention in the early 1980s; about fifteen years later than Barthes published â€Å"The Death of the Author.† Kruger’s experience in the profitable design world greatly influenced her work both officially and philosophically. She embraced both the imagery and language of advertising, combining black and white photographs with ambiguous but accusatory statements in collage-like presentations. But she concurrently rejected the philosophies of commercial advertising and the majority, by raising questions concerning gender equality, consumerism, and stereotypes.

Was Paul the founder of christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Was Paul the founder of christianity - Essay Example Paul is not only known as a prominent Apostle to the Gentiles and interpreter of Jesus’ mission, but also as the author of a considerably good part of the New Testament (Wright, 1997, p.34). One of the major reasons why Paul was is so important and is often given the title of being the founder of Christianity is his role in interpreting and transforming the teaching of Jesus Christ into a system or movement which Jesus actually never founded himself. For example, Paul was the first known missionary who successfully preached the gospel and doctrines of Christianity to the non-Jewish people (Gentiles), thereby transforming Christianity into a timeless global religion. This is an illustration of a servant providing a platform for the Gentiles to build a spiritual life that is filled with God’s glorification. Moreover, this move helps in reinforcing messages that were once communicated by ancient servants like John the Baptist’s warning to the Pharisees that God could turn stones to worship him if they continued with their hypocrisy. Another important contribution of Paul to Christianity is that he authored a good part of the New Testament including the 13 epistles that he presents. Interestingly, many of the epistles reinforce the lessons that Jesus had taught earlier. Paul, through his epistles, offers a lot of insight into what a Christian life should be like following a person’s decision to get baptized or live a converted life. His insight offers a ground for redefinition of the faith that a true Christian ought to believe in and live by. Particular examples of the teachings include: how a person should live after giving his life to Jesus; the things we should do and the things we should never do if our Christian journey is love-guided; an elaborated explanation of the resurrection process following the second advent of Jesus Christ; importance of doing joint fellowship; meaning of humility in service; how the law can help us recognize sin

Evaluation of a Business Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evaluation of a Business Code of Ethics - Essay Example 17). FedEx moves more than 25million packages per day and they deliver approximately 6.5 billion packages each year (Shactman, 2012). The mission statement for FedEx is: FedEx Corporation will produce superior financial returns for its shareowners by providing high value-added logistics, transportation and related information services through focused operating companies. Customer requirements will be met in the highest quality manner appropriate to each market segment served. FedEx Corporation will strive to develop mutually rewarding relationships with its employees, partners and suppliers. Safety will be the first consideration in all operations. Corporate activities will be conducted to the highest ethical and professional standards (Farfan, 2012). Section 2: Analysis The type of ethical system that FedEx uses is a rights-based system. In their Code of Ethics (the Code), they emphasize the rights of the people, whether they are employees or customers. As an example, the Code is wr itten in regular language so that everyone can understand what is said. The Code also has typical questions and answers after each section so that anyone reading the Code can apply what the code says to specific situations. FedEx emphasizes that â€Å"Lawful and ethical behavior is critical to our continued success and is required†(FedEx, 2012, â€Å"Code† p.5) . The company also states that although the entire Code is important, there are some parts that will effect employees and contractors, while other parts of the Code may be more relevant to management. They have created a Code that is important for everyone to read, understand, and ask questions if they do not understand something. How the Code is Used and its Results The major aspects of the Code state that anyone who sees anything that is against the Code should report these instances. This seems to create challenges because some people may something they think is a violation and this may not be the case. Manag ement. Management is responsible for their own adherence to the Code, but they also are responsible to make sure that their employees are also adhering to the code. Managers are to be the example to all employees of both ethical and lawful behavior. The company believes that â€Å"Proper business conduct encourages loyalty from our team members† (FedEx, â€Å"Code†, p. 5). They expect managers to have a high level of positive conduct in every situation. Managers are expected to respect the company and its employees and to read and understand the Code on many levels. They are to take charge of their departments and take seriously any reports by their employees about Code violations. They are also supposed to make sure they take appropriate action when there are violations. Managers are also supposed to monitor the employees to anticipate any problems that may occur. As an example, they are to â€Å"anticipate, prevent, and detect† (FedEx, â€Å"Code†, p. 6 ) any violations within their departments. Employees. FedEx has in place a way for employees to complain if they see a violation of the Code. As an example, if an individual feels they have not been promoted because the manager is making a biased judgment instead of one made on merit, they can follow the protocol to have this assessed. Anything that happens in the workplace that they feel is against the Cod

Faith is believing what you know not Essay Example for Free

Faith is believing what you know not Essay â€Å"If Christ were here now, there is one thing he would not be, a Christian† (Berge, par 1). These are the words of Mark Twain as quoted by Berge in an article on Mark Twain’s View On Christianity-Changing Christian Thinking. Looking at the present day religion and in particular Christianity one is left in doubt as to whether the vision that Christ had for the society is what is happening today. Are the over 33,000 Christian Religions the kind of Christianity that Jesus expected 2,000 years ago? Mark Twain in his quotation did not mean that Jesus was a bad person that no one wanted to associate with. Looking critically at the present day Christianity, it is the other way round; Jesus was as Berge puts it â€Å"an exceptional person and believed in living a life as example towards others with kindness, forgiveness and love† (Berge, par 1-3). The true meaning of Christianity and that of religion in general has been manipulated to address the needs of man and it is currently totally opposite of what it stands for. It is not a surprise therefore that Mark Twain finds religion a huge joke. This essay looks at the negativism of religion as viewed by the great American author Mark Twain. Background information of Mark Twain To better understand the religious view of Mark Twain, it is important to first get an insight of his historical background. Mark was born in Florida on 30th November in the year 1835. He was by then called Samuel Langhorne Clemens. His father, John Marshall Clemens died when Samuel was only twelve. The mother Jane could not manage to support the large family of six and young Samuel no longer could enjoy childhood luxuries. Additionally, he could not proceed with his education and instead began working at Hannibal Printer William Ament. Division of labor was never practiced in Ament and Samuel did all sorts of work such as printing, editing, type setting, press-work, distribution of products among other tasks. Orion his elder brother was a journeyman printer in a print shop. However wanted to be a master of his own and in 1851 bought one Hannibal’s newspapers, Western Union. He took his younger brothers Henry and Samuel with him. When things did not work out well for Orion, Samuel worked his way out as a river pilot (Gradesaver, par 1-6). Samuel became one of the Staff of Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. He became a reporter or when said in the right terms a humorist and in 1863 adopted the name Mark Twain. In 1869 his first book, Innocent Abroad, was published. Due to its criticism, Mark was discouraged from pushing forth his literary call. However, he continued to publish articles and making lectures. Few years later, the Innocent Abroad made great sales and Twain was requested to produce another book. Twain composed Roughing It in 1872. He became an acknowledged writer after several other books were published such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Prince and the Pauper, Life on the Mississippi, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn and The Gilded Age among others. He died on 21st April of 1910 as a prominent American writer (Gradesaver, par 7-12). Religious Affiliation and Activities of Mark Twain Mark Twain was a Christian by religion. His parents were Presbyterians and he was therefore introduced to church and the Christian teachings when he was very young. He grew up to become a Presbyterian. He was therefore a Presbyterian by religion, a religion of Calvinist Protestantism in the United States of America. Calvinist had a great Impact in the life of Clemen, the famous Mark Twain. As Dempsey puts it on Mark Twin’s Religion: Book Review â€Å"It was the religion of his upbringing, the religion of his wife’s family, and the religion of some of his important friends†¦many of whom were leading northern Presbyterian and Congregationalist clergy of the day† (Dempsey, par 4). Twain was brought up in a deeply Presbyterian family and as a religious obligation he had to grow up as a good Presbyterian boy (Dempsey, par 4). Twain was religious. Religion was part and parcel of his world and he could not evade it. Twain actively participated in dialogues on religion and attended religious services. From this base, it can be argued that Twain was a monotheist (Dempsey, par 9). However his criticism of religion in his literary works would make one doubt whether Twain was a true religious man. Twain was perhaps an atheist. He was not opposed to religion as such but the religion that had been manipulated to mean otherwise; a religion in which people played holy yet they are not, a religion that preached of morality when it did not uphold any moral values. Twain for this reason rejected religion. As Dempsey in the Mark Twain’s Religion: Book Review quotes the inscription on the statue of Twain, â€Å"His religion was humanity and a whole world mourned for him when he died† (Dempsey, par 1). At one time in a Holy Land expedition, one of his colleagues had introduced him as Reverend Mark Twain and a reverend he became. The author of The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calvary used to accompany psalm-singing Easterners as a way of assisting Reverend Henry Ward Beecher (The Ohio State University, pp. 1-2). He was so much into the religious activities such that he at times imagined he was a preacher, a prophet and a saint (The Ohio State University, p. 7). Mark Twain’s and Religion in his Literary Works His Huckleberry Finn The literary works of Mark Twain clearly reflects his negative views towards religion. Twain is opposed to religion and has no patience at all for either religion or for the subscribers of the religion (Example Essays. com, par 1). To him, â€Å"Religion is useless, worthless, and mindless and for those not grounded in reality† (Example Essays. com, par 1). This is a quotation picked from Huckleberry Finn by Example Essays. com in their article on Twain’s View Of Religion In Huck Finn. In this novel, the attitude of Twain towards religion is that of mockery and cynicism (Example Essays. com, par 1). Twain is at a far distance from the devoted Bible believers. He has much respect for superstitious things than he has for religion. This his clearly brought out in one of his characters Huck in Huckleberry Finn. Huck had great expectations that there would be bad luck in his wake when he killed a spider by accident and later touched the skin of a rattlesnake. Everything had come true as bad luck follows when Huck’s father returns and the snake did bite Jim. Huck makes a prayer to the Lord but nothing happens. This leaves Twain with a conclusion that religion is not helpful at all, it is worthless, more worthless in fact than what would seem to be an irrational superstation (Example Essays. com, par 2-3). As Example Essays. com points out in their essay on Twain’s View Of Religion In Huck Finn â€Å"Twain holds no punches in his merciless pounding of religion† (Example Essays. com, par 4). Twain in Huck attacks the believers of religion as well as religion itself. He has a strong distaste for religion as revealed by this book. No skepticism, no doubt, and no question can be raised regarding the aversion of religion of Twain. He neither tolerates religion nor the believers (Example Essays. com, par 4). Every religious character that Twain creates in the novel is covered with hypocrisy. It is true that religious people have a soft spot; a warm generous heart like Widow Douglas and Grangerfords. They show hospitality but they are full of hypocrisy. This of course is what makes Twain hate religion from the deepest point of his heart (Example Essays. com, par 5). Mark Twain is opposed to religion because religious people are hypocrites; they are fake and insincere so that they can impress everyone (BookRags, par 6). The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer In the book The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer, religion is a caricature. It forms an integral part in the society that the Character Tom lives in. However, Tom does not hold religion with the dignity that other people hold it with. Instead, it is a boring obligation and tiresome to him. For instance, Tom does not say his prayers before going to bed which is a powerful defiant act in regard to his forced religion (BookRags, par 1). Tom is a religious sycophant. His religious stand is for formalities. He works vey hard in trade to buy a Bible not because he is so much interested in religion but for his status in the society. Being religious is not his care but the status that the Bible will place him in is (BookRags, par 2). Tom is actually bored by the routine of going to church. He is however not alone in this but is in the company of many others. The monotonous sermons wear them out and their hearts yearn for anything that would cause interruption to the screaming preacher. They are all in stitches when the sermon is finally interrupted by such things as a yelping dog. His boredom and that of other puppet believers is a side-effect of formalities of having to go to church. Through this character, Mark Twain reveals his hate of going to church as an obligation. People go to church not because they want to but because it is an obligation (BookRags, par 3-5). Twain expresses his criticism on church revivals. In deed they are powerful tools to win people to religion and at the end leave everyone thrilled. However their effects are short lived as portrayed by the characters Huck and Joe. At the revival, they are fighting tooth and nail to seek the face of God but after a short time, they turn back to their earlier lives where they find lots of happiness. To Twain revivals and anything religious do not have any lasting effect and for this respect are worthless (BookRags, par 7). Twain sees religion as one big piece of humor. Widow Douglas is so religious and fervently prays that the sinful Tom is found. She is serious and absolutely honest in her prayers wishing for hope and miracle at a desperation time. Looking at the character of Tom, it leaves one in doubt as to whether her prayers are answered. In addition, the funeral of Injun Joe turns out to be an entertaining event rather than a religious event. Completely, it lacks real religiousness. It sounds funny that from miles and miles, people come to witness his burial. This is in the inclusion of people who had with their sincere hearts tried to plead for his crimes’ pardon. After he is buried the pardon is forgotten. He is also forgotten (BookRags, par 8-9). Twain hates religion for conflicting with people’s lifestyles. Huck does not understand anything that is religious; it never allows him to enjoy his lifestyle. Church is what the society uses to set limits for people. The widow that Tom lives with is deep down rooted in religion and wants Huck to be a very good church-going boy. Huck is however on the other side; Tom had just given him the promise of them becoming robbers. Religion in itself makes adherents caricatures to be laughed at (BookRags, par 10). A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court The greatest fear and enemy of Twain as expressed by Yankee is the Roman Catholic Church. He seems to have a strong distaste for the Roman Catholic Church for manipulating religion for the sake of politics. To Mark Twain, the church is a political machine. The Roman Catholic Church in particular is embodied in other functions other than spiritual functions that it deeply claims to advocate for. Through the character Hank, Twain accuses the overall church for upholding the 16th century ills in the society such as, social inequality, superstations, tradition, hereditary nobility, and subservience of masses. Twain is opposed to these practices and the Roman Catholic Church as portrayed in this book seems to be lenient on these vices (Gradesaver LLC, par 2). Still on religion Twain condemns the acts of those who uphold morality only at a superficial level. These people cannot take any action unless they are faced with a real experience. Hank and King Arthur fail to abolish slavery and they only come to realize the dehumanizing effects and oppression that slavery has on those in it when they themselves become slaves. The leaders claim to uphold the moral values of the society yet they fail to practice morality. This is what makes Twain suffer from a horse voice in condemnation of religion and its hypocritical moral practices. In all his literary work, Twain looks at religion from a negative point of view (Gradesaver LLC, par 2). In A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, Twain views the Catholic Church as atavistic survival that has been transported into the modern era. Hank Morgan, a Presbyterian by religion for instance introduces many denominations for the fear of unity in the church. He fears a Christian family that is united perhaps because of the damage that it would cause to a hypocrite like him (The Ohio State University, p. 24). Twain makes use of the environmental determinism to make religion humorous as depicted by his books: Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, The Prince and the Pauper, A Connecticut Yankee In King Arthur’s Court, Life on Mississippi and many others. Twain in these works uses religious words that do have a negative connotation such as ‘infernal’ and ‘unchristian’. In this he suggests that there is danger in religion. The great American writer suggests that religious as well as denominations are deviant and unfair (The Ohio State University, P. 26). Twain’s religious faith was far much wide for any doctrine and too limitless for any creed. Mark was ignorant and disinterested in Christian creeds as well as doctrines. They in fact provide him with a creative spark for his literary works. His views on religious are clearly brought out by his literary works (The Ohio State University, P. 27). Conclusion Mark Twain was a realist thinking atheist. Though he was a Presbyterian by birth, he was opposed to religion. However, as depicted in his literary works, religion had been manipulated to fit the needs of the few. Religion in itself failed to stand for what it actually presents. Many of his works in literature such as The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and many others are grounded on religious criticism. He satirizes religion in the most humorous way. Despite the fact that he was brought up in a Christian family, his negative beliefs in religion isolates him from being a Christian or a religious person. He is an atheist who does not see anything good in religion. References Berge, Gregory. Mark Twain’s View On Christianity-Changing Christian Thinking. Ezine Articles. nd 2010. Web. 5 Aug. 2010 http://ezinearticles. com/? Mark-Twains-View-on-ChristianityChanging-Christian-Thinkingid=2012922 BookRags. (2009). The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Book Notes Summary. Bookrags. com. nd 2009. Web 4 Aug. 2010 http://www. bookrags. com/notes/ts/TOP3. html Dempsy, Terrel. Mark Twin’s Religion: Book Review. Bochynski. com. 15 Jan. 2004. Web. 5 Aug. 2010 http://www. bochynski. com/twainweb/reviews/phipps. html Gradesaver. Biography Of Mark Twain. Gradesaver. com. nd 2010. Web. 4 Aug. 2010 http://www. gradesaver. com/author/mark-twain/ Gradesaver LLC. Connecticut Yankee In King Arthur’s Court Study Guide. Gradesaver. com. nd 2010. Web. 4 Aug. 2010 http://www. gradesaver. com/connecticut-yankee-in-king-arthurs-court/study-guide/major-themes/ Example Essays. com. (2010). Twain’s View Of Religion In Huck Finn. Exampleessays. com. nd 2010. Web 4 Aug. 2010 http://www. exampleessays. com/viewpaper/81878. html The Ohio State University. The Reverend Mark Twain. The Ohiostatepress. org. nd 2006. Web. 5 Aug. 2010 http://www. ohiostatepress. org/Books/Book%20PDFs/Fulton%20Reverend. pdf

stop the violence (SPAIN) Essay example -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Basta. Enough. This word exemplifies the growing attitude toward the violence in the Spanish nation caused by the cultural differences between its Spanish and Basque inhabitants. The 2.1 million people of Euskadi, the Basque area of Spain, speak a different language than typical Spaniards, have a separate culture and society from that of Spain; and have a history of their own. Throughout the decades, these major cultural differences contained within the borders of Spain have continued to cause conflict between the Spanish people and the people of the Basque area. Many within la comunidad autà ³noma del paà ­s vasco, the autonomous community of the Basque country, have long been seeking to free it from the confines of Spanish borders and have proceeded to do so in a terrorist fashion, although recently there have been attempts by the Basques nationalists to work towards more peaceful relations with the Spanish government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ETA is a Basque separatist organization in Spain that has taken up many violent practices in its efforts to gain independence for the Basque state. Standing for Euzkadi Ta Azkatasuna, meaning â€Å"Basque Homeland and Liberty,† this group grew out of the Partido Nacionalista Vasco, also known as the Basque Nationalist Party or PNV. Since the PNV was outlawed by dictator Francisco Franco, ETA retained its headquarters secretly in Paris during his reign. For the past 31 years, it has been the origin of numerous terrorist attacks, bombings, protests, and murders. It is the key player in the violence that has plagued Spain and its Basque area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Basque region of Spain jumped back into the world arena most recently beginning in late 1997. By this time, the regional government there had gained partial autonomy from Madrid. It had been permitted home rule by the Spanish Constitution and elected its own Parliament with taxing power and a 6,000 member regional police force. The elected Assembly and administration there controlled education, cultural affairs, social services, and created jobs for its people. It was in December of this year that the 23 leaders of Herri Batasuna (HB), the political voice of ETA, were arrested and sentenced to seven-year jail terms for making a video extolling the terrorist acts of the ETA. This decision by three Spanish judges marked t... ...The New York Times. 19 December 1998, p. A6. 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goodman, Al. â€Å"Spain Making Contact With Basque Rebels.† The New York Times. 4 November 1998, p. A4. 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goodman, Al. â€Å"Voting in Basque Region Helps Moderates, and Peace.† The New York   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Times. 26 October 1998, p A11. 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Now for votes: Spain and the Basques.† The Economist. 26 September 1998, p. 53. 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Peace Dividend of a More United Europe.† Business Week. 29 March 1999, p. 57. 11.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"SEVILLE.† Time International. 9 February 1998, p. 10. 12.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Spanish Basque Rebel Chief Seized in Paris With 5 Aides.† The New York Times. 10   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  March 1999, p. A8. 13.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Valls-Russell, Janice. â€Å"Reigning in Spain: a tribute to diversity.†The New Leader. 6 October 1997, p. 8-9. 14.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"What’s new? Spain and the Basques.† The Economist. 6 December 1997, p. 57. STOPPING THE VIOLENCE THE MOVE TOWARD PEACE IN SPAIN’S BASQUE REGION

Proposition 19 Essay

The legality of marijuana has been the subject for debate and controversy for decades. With the new generation, the number of supporters of marijuana legalization has increased dramatically. In the United States, legalizing marijuana is a major concern because it is the most frequently used illegal drug. Nearly 98 million Americans over the age of 12 have tried marijuana at least once. Politicians have thought of legalizing marijuana to increase revenue by imposing taxes. At the forefront of this idea is California, which is currently the most populous state in the United States yet has the highest budget deficit of all states. Also, California has the 5th highest unemployment rates exceeding 12 percent. In 2009, the California economic crisis became severe as the state faced bankruptcy. This budget shortfall has caused the state to look for ways out. California’s way out of a huge budget deficit begins with Proposition [5] Proposition 19 also known as the Regulate, Control and Tax Cannabis Act of 2010 would legalize various marijuana activities, allow local government to regulate these activities, allow for marijuana related government axes, and authorizes various criminal and civil penalties by local government. The California ballot for Proposition 19 opened on November 2, 2010 in California, hoping to change the fate of marijuana legalization in America forever. The bill failed, but only trailed the outcome by nearly 500 votes. 4] Among the arguments for the passing of Proposition 19 was that legalizing marijuana in California could reduce drug-related violence, based on a study conducted by the International Centre for Science in Drug Policy. In addition some believe that it would help alleviate the drug war in Mexico. Based on the theory adopted by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy that up to 60% of Mexican drug cartels’ profits come from sales of marijuana, legalizing the drug in nearby California would drastically cut their funding. As a result, supporters of this argument believed that legalization would lead to a decrease in drug-related violent crime in Mexico. [3] Also cited were a savings of $960 million per year in law enforcement costs, and a generation of $350 million a year in state and local tax revenues. Supporters also argued that passing the measure would result in additional benefits including tourism and spinoff ndustries such as cafes and paraphernalia. Based on California’s wine industry, proponents of this theory anticipated that legalizing marijuana in the state could generate up to $18 billion, including the creation of 60,000-110,000 Jobs. [4] Perhaps one of the most well-known arguments for the legalization of Marijuana is to treat conditions including pain and nausea caused by HIV/AIDS, cancer and other conditions. When presented with all the information above it’s easy to see why so many people can rationalize their decision to support Proposition 19. Increasing revenue and employment rate’s while decreasing law enforcement costs and crime, ll by providing the public with a safe â€Å"wonder drug† to aid in a variety of ailments. What could e better? Untortunately though all these claims seem viable none ot them can escape scrutiny. To address Marijuana as a potential drug, scientific evidence needs to be provided to substantiate the claims. To date the evidence is not sufficient for the marijuana plant to gain FDA approval, for two main reasons. First, there have not been enough clinical trials showing that marijuana’s benefits outweigh its health risks in patients with the symptoms it is meant to treat. The FDA equires carefully conducted studies in large numbers of patients (hundreds to thousands) to accurately assess the benefits and risks of a potential medication. [5] Also, to be considered a legitimate medicine, a substance must have well-defined and measureable ingredients that are consistent from one unit (such as a pill or injection) to the next. This consistency allows doctors to determine the dose and frequency. As the marijuana plant contains hundreds of chemical compounds that may have different effects and that vary from plant to plant, its use as a medicine is difficult to evaluate. However, THC-based drugs to treat pain and nausea are already FDA approved and prescribed, and scientists continue to investigate the medicinal properties of cannabinoids. Regarding the supposed economic benefits of taxing marijuana, some comparison with two drugs that are already regulated and taxed, alcohol and tobacco is worth considering. People dont typically grow their own tobacco or distill their own spirits, so consumers accept high taxes on them as retail products. Marijuana, though, is easy and cheap to cultivate, indoors or out, and Proposition 19 would allow individuals to grow as much as 25 square feet of arijuana for â€Å"personal consumption. â€Å"Why would people volunteer to pay high taxes on marijuana if it were legalized? The answer is that many would not, and the underground market, adapting to undercut any new taxes, would barely diminish at all. This bill also implied that marijuana would be regulated and controlled by the initiative. In fact, the law provides for no regulation or control, but leaves it up to local governments to initiate such controls and or regulations. In addition, there are no provisions to tax marijuana cultivation or use in the initiative. Instead, such taxation, f it ever happens will be left to local governments. In fact, a provision of the initiative specifically prevents the state of California from taxing marijuana sales any more than the usual sales tax in contrast to cigarettes and liquor. 1] Since the enforcement of locally enacted taxation will be next to impossible, there will never be any significant revenue produced through this initiative. Another major conflict is that this bill would create a state law that conflicts with federal drug laws. On the surface, this does not seem to be a big deal, since President Obama has stated that e won’t enforce the federal law in California. Howe ver, there is another issue that could cause the loss of billions of dollars to the state. Public contracts and grants require grantees to effectively enforce the drug-free workplace requirements (which includes marijuana use) outlined by the federal government’s Federal Workplace Act of 1988. Not only may schools lose their federal grants, but medical research institutions, could lose millions of dollars annually The current healthcare and criminal Justice costs associated with alcohol and tobacco far surpass the tax revenue hey generate, and very little of the taxes collected on these substances is contributed to offsetting their substantial social and health costs. For every dollar society collects in taxes on alcohol, for example, we end up spending eight more in social cos ts That is hardly a recipe tor fiscal health A recent Rand Corp. report, â€Å"Altered State,† found that it is difficult to predict estimated revenue from marijuana taxes, and that legalization would increase consumption but could also lead to widespread tax evasion and a â€Å"race to the bottom† in terms of local tax rates. Perhaps the biggest concern is safety on the roads. In 2010 a comment was made by a formal General Sergeant that â€Å"driving under the influence of Marijuana is much like being under the influence of Alcohol. In response an experiment was conducted by two local Los Angeles Journalists who decided to take a car and drive stoned. With the help from the California Highway Patrol the highway was closed to the public and several obstacles were arranged simulating how a driver might need to operate in heavy traffic. The experiment, said one of the Journalists â€Å"was to see how impaired I was after smoking pot† California has more drivers than any other state, 22 million of hem. So the big concern was if legalizing marijuana would make the roads less safe. The proponents of Proposition 19 insist it won’t. The common conception among supporters is that the impairment is rather slight like taking an antihistamine. The journalists certainly found that driving and drugs don’t mix. One of them nearly veered off the highway through a test course. â€Å"l wasn’t 0k, so that was kind of shocking to me† said one of the drivers. But safety seems to be a big reason support for proposition 19 dropped. 1 percent opposed and 39 percent supported in a poll conducted before the bill was denied in 2010. 5] To give credibility to the tests conducted by the Journalist’s we can explore the affects Marijuana has on the brain. When marijuana is smoked, THC rapidly passes from the lungs into the bloodstream, which carries the chemical to the brain and other organs throughout the body. THC acts upon specific molecular targets on brain cells, calle d cannabinoid receptors. These receptors are ordinarily activated by chemicals similar to THC called endocannabinoids, such as anandamide. These are naturally occurring in the body and are part of a neural communication network (the endocannabinoid system) that lays an important role in normal brain development and function The highest density of cannabinoid receptors is found in parts of the brain that influence pleasure, memory, thinking, concentration, sensory and time perception, and coordinated movement. Marijuana over activates the endocannabinoid system, causing the high and other effects that users experience. These include distorted perceptions, impaired coordination, difficulty with thinking and problem solving, and disrupted learning and memory. Because it seriously impairs Judgment and motor coordination, marijuana also contributes to accidents while driving. A recent analysis of data from several studies found that marijuana use more than doubles a driver’s risk of being in an accident. Further, the combination of marijuana and alcohol is worse than either substance alone with respect to driving impairment. As a recreational drug, marijuana is not quite as benign as most of its proponents would claim. Heavvy marijuana use results in long-term effects on the brain, including lower responses in those areas which are affected by THC. Although users are able to compensate somewhat through the use of other brain areas, the long term effects of his damage, as user’s age, has not been determined. This damage may be responsible for impairments noted in short-term and long-term memory, along with a host of possible other psychiatric illnesses. Regular use of marijuana use by young people can nave especially negative long lasting impact on the structure and tunction of their brains. A recent study of marijuana users who began using in adolescence revealed a profound deficit in connections between brain areas responsible for learning and memory. And a large prospective study (following individuals across ime) showed that people who began smoking marijuana heavily in their teens lost as much as 8 points in IQ between age 13 and age 38; importantly, the lost cognitive abilities were not restored in those who quit smoking marijuana as adults. [4] A proportion of marijuana users become addicted and suffer from classic withdrawal symptoms upon abstinence. For a minority of users, marijuana is a gateway drug, and they proceed to use and abuse more powerful psychostimulants. Besides its effects upon the brain, Marijuana raises heart rate by 20-100 percent shortly after smoking; this effect can last up to 3 hours. In one study, it was estimated that marijuana users have a 4. 8-fold increase in the risk of heart attack in the first hour after smoking the drug. This may be due to increased heart rate as well as the effects of marijuana on heart rhythms, causing palpitations and arrhythmias. Marijuana use can lead to increased risks for respiratory cancers and may have some adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects in some users. Marijuana smoke has been placed on the California Proposition 65 list of carcinogenic materials, as required by California law for materials proven to cause cancer. 5] Marijuana use during pregnancy has been shown to result in lower child intelligence, while increasing the incidence of mental health problems. The idea that marijuana is a harmless recreational pastime has been disproved through continuing scientific research. Although this bill was denied the continued support for legalizing Marijuana is great, ensuring that this is a topic that will be an issue of debate for years to come. In my opinion we don’t need all the problems that will result from the passage of Proposition 19 . This bill would established a legal â€Å"right† to use marijuana, potentially endangering the lives of thers through allowing intoxicated individuals to perform crucial driving Jobs. In addition, this bill could result in the loss of billions of dollars in federal grants and contracts to schools and hospitals, which would be unable to comply with federal drug-free workplace requirements. Contrary to the claims of proponents, Prop 19 would neither regulate, control, nor tax marijuana, but merely provides the legal right of local governments to create their own hodgepodge of local laws and ordinances, which would be virtually impossible to enforce. Although marijuana use does not egatively impact all users, it does have numerous adverse health effects on a significant percentage of individuals, which will result in increased medical and social costs to the people of California. This was a poorly written initiative that needs to make drastic revisions before it can be considered, in addition to the conduction of more scientific research needs to be done to determine future health risks for the users.

Cebu City Essay

The City of Cebu (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Sugbo, Tagalog: Lungsod ng Cebu, Spanish: Ciudad de Cebà º) is the capital city of the province of Cebu and is the â€Å"second city† of the Philippines, being the center of Metro Cebu, the second most populous Metropolitan area in the Philippines after Metro Manila. With a population of 866,171 as per the 2010 census, it is the fifth most populated city in the country.[2] Cebu City is a significant center of commerce, trade and education in the Visayas area. The city is located on the eastern shore of Cebu island. It is the first Spanish settlement and the oldest city in the Philippines.[3] Cebu is the Philippines’ main domestic shipping port and is home to about 80% of the country’s domestic shipping companies.[citation needed] It is the center of a metropolitan area called Metro Cebu, which includes the cities of Carcar, Danao, Lapu-lapu, Mandaue, Naga, Talisay and the municipalities of Compostela, Consolacion, Cordova, Liloan, Minglanilla and San Fernando . Metro Cebu has a total population of about 2.55 million people (2010 Census). Cebu City is bordered to the northeast by Mandaue City and the town of Consolacion, to the west are Toledo City, and the towns of Balamban and Asturias, to the south are Talisay City and the town of Minglanilla. Across Mactan Strait to the east is Mactan Island. Geography Cebu City has a land area of 315 square kilometres (122 sq mi). To the northeast of the city is Mandaue City and the town of Consolacion; to the west is Toledo City and the towns of Balamban and Asturias; to the south is Talisay City and the town of Minglanilla. Across Mactan Strait to the east is Mactan Island where Lapu-Lapu City is located. Further east across the Cebu Strait is the Island of Bohol. Demographics Around the 1960s, the population of the city was about 91,000. The population reached 799,762 people in 2007, and as of the 2010 Census, the city’s population has grown to 866,171 in over 161,151 households.[2] Education Cebu City currently has ten large universities each with a number of college branches throughout the city and more than a dozen other schools specializing in various courses. Among these schools is the University of San Carlos. It has four campuses around the metropolitan area. It is currently headed by the Society of the Divine Word. University of the Philippines Cebu, University of San Jose–Recoletos Cebu Normal University Cebu Doctors’ University University of Cebu University of the Visayas.. Cebu Institute of Technology – University, Southwestern University, St. Theresa’s College, University of Southern Philippines Foundation Cebu Technological University Cebu Institute of Medicine Cebu International School,Sacred Heart School – Ateneo de Cebu Colegio de la Inmaculada Concepcion. The upcoming Centro Escolar University – Cebu will be the fourth campus of the university after its Manila (Main), Malolos, and Makati campuses.[17] Cebu City has 68 public elementary schools, 23 national high schools and 28 night high schools. These night high schools are operated by the city government. The Cebu City Public Library and Information Center is the only public library in Cebu.

Philosophy of Science essays

Philosophy of Science essays When I was a young student I never thought of science as being significant enough to have a personal philosophy on the subject. However as a future teacher I have realized that it is a subject of great importance which needs to be contemplated. When I began to think about what science is, I realized that science is in our everyday lives and all around us. When trying to figure out what my personal philosophy is on science, I decided to conduct a personal test. From the time I woke up in the morning until the time I went to sleep at night I tried to see how my daily routines and activities were somehow related to science. My day began when my alarm clock went off and woke me up. Then I went into the bathroom and turned the light on, I realized that in order to use the alarm clock, the light and my hairdryer there had to be a source of electricity which all relate to science. As I left my house I noticed my neighbor watering her lawn. Her flowers had grown considerably in a matter of weeks. Everything in nature is related to science, these are things that we take for granted. It is important to appreciate the beauty around us the plants, the ocean, the sky, the stars and everything in the universe. At lunchtime I met a friend of mine who is a personal trainer, we began to talk about exercising and eating healthy. At that mo ment, I understood that healthy eating, proper nutrition, exercise and how the body functions are all related to science. After noticing how science affected me personally in almost every aspect of my daily life, it became apparent why its important to allow children to explore with science. As a student in grammar school we were told this is why and we had to memorize it. I have difficulty remembering what I have learned at that time. Children need hands on experience when it comes to learning. Through experimentation and trial and error students can gain self-confidence be...

Annotated bibilography on evidence based research-pressure ulcers Essay

Annotated bibilography on evidence based research-pressure ulcers - Essay Example The available literature identifies its risk factors as: physiological alterations, diabetes, low tissue oxygen tension, nutritional deficiency, contractures, and paralysis. This annotated bibliography examines the effectiveness of different treatment and prevention strategies used in hospital settings. The available statistics suggest that the condition mainly affects male adults, and 3-10% of the hospitalized population. The risk of pressure ulcer is also high among neurologically impaired patients, and persons disabled by the spinal cord injuries. According to Mendez (2004) prevention is a key component of managing pressure ulcers, and the presentation of this condition occurs in 4 stages starting with erythema and ending with the infection of the underlying bone or muscle. Stage 1 is characterized by the reddening of the skin while in stage 2, the skin blisters form open sores. In the third stage, a crater is formed while in the final stage, the damages extend to the tendons, joi nts, muscles and bones. Some of the treatment method used include: de-pressurizing of the affected areas, surgical reconstruction, administration of and antibiotics. While treatment of the affected patients should be administered as soon as possible, prevention should be the first priority for the population as risk of this condition. In this regard, patients on bed rest should be checked frequently for pressure sores. Symptoms to watch out for include: red skin, open sores, blisters, foul smells from the ulcers, and swollen skin. For early detection, the caregiver should consider giving the patient a head to toe examination, and should pay close attention to the following areas: buttocks, elbows, hips, heels, ankles, shoulders, and back. For prevention of this condition, persons at risk should change positions once in every 2hours and use appropriate tool to cushion the affected areas. Most importantly, they should eat well balanced meals, drink lots of water, exercise regularly, u se creams to protect the skin and keep the skin dry and clean at all times. Reddy, M., Sedeep, S., & Rochon, P. (2006). Preventing pressure ulcers: A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 296(8), 974-984 This article which is written by competent authors seeks to examine the adverse health outcomes and treatment costs associated with pressusre ulcers. The objective of the article is to review the evidence examining interventions to prevent pressure ulcers. The systematic review utilizes sources from the MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. All the databases are well known for publishing credible article dealing with different medical condition. The search strategy identified 763 citations, of which 59 randomized control trial were selected. As suggested by Moore and Cowman (2007), systematic review should have elaborate schemes to prevent bias, and maximize precision of the data obtained. At the same time, it should have a detailed exclusion and inclusion criteria, use clear research questions and adequately address the challenge of assessing the methodology quality of the selected studies. If possible, the systematic review should depend on current and credible secondary sources. In this case, of the citations identified, 650 were excluded since they were not randomized clinical trials, while 53 did not have adequate information about the outcome measures. The

Dennetts Arguement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dennetts Arguement - Essay Example People have been trying to shake the world’s confidence in quantum physics through different scientific theories but they have been unsuccessful because the world can see something tangible and Einstein’s theory of relativity is well established beyond doubt. These are the people who argue that intelligent causes can explain the complex, information-rich structures of science and biology but people have never really been able to get the their heads around the concepts involved. Dennett is however convinced that any creation must have a creator and supernatural things cannot be explained through intelligent causes. He believes there is plenty of motivation to resist the assurance of the biologists and that ID is a hoax but people find ingenious ways to fool themselves. In support of his argument that natural selection is the process which has the power to generate ingenious designs, Dennett discuses the evolution of the eye. The intelligent design proponents feel that a fully evolved eye is evidence of intelligent design process but evolutionary biology has proved that this is wrong. Dennett also argues on the history of genes involved in the evolution process. He argues that if evolution did not occur through the process of natural selection, species would have found it difficult to adapt to their environment. The proponents of intelligent design have not been able to come up with any theory that challenges the theory of evolution. Dennett convincingly states that no intelligent design hypothesis till date has been able to give a rival explanation of any biological phenomenon. Intelligent design cannot even explain why human beings differ from their relatives. Dennett recounts that there are plenty of scientific controversies that are not yet in public knowledge as the scientists and biologists are first trying to get acceptance from their peers. Dennett’s